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        <h2>
          <span class="refentrytitle">looptseg</span>
        </h2>
        <p>looptseg — 
      Generate control signal consisting of exponential or linear segments delimited by two or more specified points.
          </p>
      </div>
      <div class="refsect1">
        <a id="idp120223744"></a>
        <h2>Description</h2>
        <p>
      Generate control signal consisting of controllable exponential segments or linear segments delimited by two or more specified points. The entire envelope is looped at <span class="emphasis"><em>kfreq</em></span> rate. Each parameter can be varied at k-rate.
    </p>
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      <div class="refsect1">
        <a id="idp120289376"></a>
        <h2>Syntax</h2>
        <pre class="synopsis">ksig <span class="command"><strong>looptseg</strong></span> kfreq, ktrig, iphase, kvalue0, ktype0, ktime0, [, kvalue1] [,ktype1] [, ktime1] \
      [, kvalue2] [,ktype2] [, ktime2] [...] [, kvalueN] [,ktypeN] [, ktimeN]</pre>
      </div>
      <div class="refsect1">
        <a id="idp120291920"></a>
        <h2>Initialization</h2>
        <p>
      <span class="emphasis"><em>iphase</em></span> -- A value between 0 and 1 to say
      where to start the loop.  Zero, the commonest value, indicates
      the beginning.
    </p>
      </div>
      <div class="refsect1">
        <a id="idp120293776"></a>
        <h2>Performance</h2>
        <p>
      <span class="emphasis"><em>ksig</em></span> -- Output signal.
    </p>
        <p>
      <span class="emphasis"><em>kfreq</em></span> -- Repeat rate in Hz or fraction of Hz.
    </p>
        <p>
      <span class="emphasis"><em>ktrig</em></span> -- If non-zero, retriggers the envelope from start (see <a class="link" href="trigger.html" title="trigger"><em class="citetitle">trigger opcode</em></a>), before the envelope cycle is completed.
    </p>
        <p>
      <span class="emphasis"><em>kvalue0...kvalueN</em></span> -- Values of points
    </p>
        <p>
      <span class="emphasis"><em>ktime0...ktimeN</em></span> -- Times between points; expressed in fractions of a cycle (see below). The final time designates a ramp between the final value and the first value. 
    </p>
        <p>
      <span class="emphasis"><em>ktype0...ktypeN</em></span> -- shape of the envelope.  If the value is 0 then the shap eis linear; otherwise it is an concave exponential (positive type) or a convex exponential (negative type).
    </p>
        <p>
      <span class="emphasis"><em>looptseg</em></span> opcode is similar to <a class="link" href="transeg.html" title="transeg"><em class="citetitle">transeg</em></a>, but the entire envelope is looped at <span class="emphasis"><em>kfreq</em></span> rate. Notice that times are not expressed in seconds but in fraction of a cycle. Actually each duration represent is proportional to the other, and the entire cycle duration is proportional to the sum of all duration values.  
    </p>
        <p>
      The sum of all duration is then rescaled according to <span class="emphasis"><em>kfreq</em></span> argument. For example, considering an envelope made up of 3 segments, each segment having 100 as duration value, their sum will be 300. This value represents the total duration of the envelope, and is actually divided into 3 equal parts, a part for each segment.
    </p>
        <p>
      Actually, the real envelope duration in seconds is determined by <span class="emphasis"><em>kfreq</em></span>. Again, if the envelope is made up of 3 segments, but this time the first and last segments have a duration of 50, whereas the central segment has a duration of 100 again, their sum will be 200. This time 200 represent the total duration of the 3 segments, so the central segment will be twice as long as the other segments.
    </p>
        <p>
      All parameters can be varied at k-rate.  Negative frequency values are allowed, reading the envelope backward.  <span class="emphasis"><em>ktime0</em></span> should always be set to 0, except if the user wants some special effect.
    </p>
      </div>
      <div class="refsect1">
        <a id="idp120308384"></a>
        <h2>Examples</h2>
        <p>
      Here is an example of the looptseg opcode. It uses the file <a class="ulink" href="examples/looptseg.csd" target="_top"><em class="citetitle">looptseg.csd</em></a>.

      </p>
        <div class="example">
          <a id="idp120310240"></a>
          <p class="title">
            <strong>Example 438. Example of the looptseg opcode.</strong>
          </p>
          <div class="example-contents">
            <p>See the sections <a class="link" href="UsingRealTime.html" title="Real-Time Audio"><em class="citetitle">Real-time Audio</em></a> and <a class="link" href="CommandFlags.html" title="Csound command line"><em class="citetitle">Command Line Flags</em></a> for more information on using command line flags.</p>
            <pre class="programlisting">
<span class="csdtag">&lt;CsoundSynthesizer&gt;</span>
<span class="csdtag">&lt;CsOptions&gt;</span>
<span class="comment">; Select audio/midi flags here according to platform</span>
-odac      <span class="comment">;;;realtime audio out</span>
<span class="comment">;-iadc    ;;;uncomment -iadc if realtime audio input is needed too</span>
<span class="comment">; For Non-realtime ouput leave only the line below:</span>
<span class="comment">; -o looptseg.wav -W ;;; for file output any platform</span>
<span class="csdtag">&lt;/CsOptions&gt;</span>
<span class="csdtag">&lt;CsInstruments&gt;</span>

<span class="ohdr">sr</span> <span class="op">=</span> 44100
<span class="ohdr">ksmps</span> <span class="op">=</span> 32
<span class="ohdr">nchnls</span> <span class="op">=</span> 2
<span class="ohdr">0dbfs</span>  <span class="op">=</span> 1

<span class="oblock">instr</span> 1
kfreq   <span class="op">=</span>        1         <span class="comment">; frequency of loop repetition</span>
ktrig   <span class="opc">init</span>     0         <span class="comment">; loop restart trigger (not used)</span>
iphase  <span class="op">=</span>        0         <span class="comment">; initial phase</span>
ktyp    <span class="opc">line</span>     6,p3,<span class="op">-</span>6   <span class="comment">; explore the useful range of curve types</span>
<span class="comment">; loop of filter cutoff values (oct format)</span>
<span class="comment">;                                     value curve dur.</span>
kcfoct <span class="opc">looptseg</span>  kfreq, ktrig, iphase,13,   ktyp, 1, \
                                      4,    ktyp, 0, \
                                      11,   ktyp, 1, \
                                      4
asig  <span class="opc">vco2</span>     0.2,cpsmidinn(48),0             <span class="comment">; a sawtooth</span>
asig  <span class="opc">moogladder</span>  asig,cpsoct(kcfoct),rnd(0.6) <span class="comment">; filter sawtooth</span>
      <span class="opc">outs</span>     asig, asig
<span class="oblock">endin</span>

<span class="csdtag">&lt;/CsInstruments&gt;</span>
<span class="csdtag">&lt;CsScore&gt;</span>
<span class="stamnt">i</span> 1 0 12
<span class="stamnt">e</span>
<span class="csdtag">&lt;/CsScore&gt;</span>
<span class="csdtag">&lt;/CsoundSynthesizer&gt;</span>
</pre>
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        <p><br class="example-break" />
    </p>
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      <div class="refsect1">
        <a id="idp120314560"></a>
        <h2>See Also</h2>
        <p>
      <a class="link" href="lpshold.html" title="lpshold"><em class="citetitle">lpshold</em></a>
      <a class="link" href="loopseg.html" title="loopseg"><em class="citetitle">loopseg</em></a>
    </p>
      </div>
      <div class="refsect1">
        <a id="idp120317600"></a>
        <h2>Credits</h2>
        <p>Author: John ffitch</p>
        <p>New in Version 5.12</p>
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